What is the formula for pressure in submerged, non-horizontal fluid problems?

The correct formula for pressure in submerged, non-horizontal fluid problems is represented by the equation that relates fluid pressure to the height of the fluid column above the measurement point. This is fundamentally based on the hydrostatic pressure principle, which states that the pressure at any point in a static fluid is due to the weight of the fluid above it.

In this context, the formula incorporates both heights involved in the fluid column. The pressure difference (or hydrostatic pressure) at a specific depth can be expressed as the product of the fluid density (p), gravitational acceleration (g), and the height difference between two points in the fluid (h1 and h2). Thus, the equation can effectively model scenarios where the fluid levels are not horizontal and can be influenced by several factors, including different heights.

The formulation that captures the height difference correctly, contributing to the total pressure difference exerted by the fluid above, is why this particular formula stands out as the correct answer. It comprehensively addresses the changes in pressure due to differing elevations within the fluid, making it essential for various applications in fluid mechanics.