Life cycle analysis evaluates which of the following?

Life cycle analysis (LCA) is a comprehensive method used to assess the environmental impacts of a product throughout its entire life cycle—from raw material extraction through manufacturing, distribution, use, and disposal. While options related to resource conservation, energy efficiency, and land and water pollution are indeed components that can be evaluated in an LCA, the specific focus in the context of atmospheric emissions and air quality is particularly significant.

Selecting atmospheric emissions and air quality emphasizes the role of LCA in identifying and quantifying the emissions of pollutants that can arise from each stage of a product's life cycle, notably greenhouse gases and other air pollutants that impact climate and human health. Understanding these emissions is crucial for evaluating a product's environmental performance and for making informed decisions aimed at reducing overall impact on air quality.

In addition, emissions are a critical aspect of sustainability metrics, making it essential for identifying ways to mitigate negative environmental consequences. Evaluating these emissions is fundamental for improving product designs, selecting materials, and adjusting processes to minimize adverse effects on air quality.